.. _systems: Systems ======= This page documents the systems that have been/is being developed using ``QSDsan`` with links to the source codes in GitHub and publications. Benchmark Simulation Models --------------------------- The Modelling and Integrated Assessment (MIA) Specialist Group of the International Water Association has established benchmark simulation models (BSMs) to provide a consistent environment for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)/water resource recovery facility (WRRF) evaluation (see `BSM webpage `_ and `MATLAB implementation and report `_). When publishing the paper that introduces QSDsan [1]_, we validated the process modeling and dynamic simulation capacities of QSDsan through BSM1 (`bsm1 EXPOsan module `_, `bsm1 archived codes `_). BSM2 is also implemented in `EXPOsan `_. Water Resource Recovery Facilities ----------------------------------- In Zhang et al., 2026 [2]_, we developed 18 benchmark combinations of liquid and solid treatment trains, which cover over 70% of the total treatment capacity of publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) in the Contiguous United States. These configurations were based on the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF, now a part of the Water Research Foundation, WRF), report on net-zero energy solutions for WRRFs [3]_. These simulation models have been implemented in the `werf EXPOsan module `_. More details can be found in :ref:`the interactive page `. .. figure:: ../images/wrrf_configs_light.png :class: only-light .. figure:: ../images/wrrf_configs_dark.png :class: only-dark Distinguishing features of benchmark WRRF configurations. A WRRF configuration is referred to as a unique combination of a liquid code (a) and a solid code (b) as defined in [2]_. Configurations followed by a star (\*) are implemented in ``EXPOsan``. Non-sewered sanitation systems (NSSSs) -------------------------------------- Biogenic Refinery ***************** - Publication: Rowles et al., 2022 [4]_ - `biogenic_refinery EXPOsan module `_ - `biogenic_refinery archived codes `_ Bwaise ****** - Publication: Trimmer et al., 2020 [5]_ - `bwaise EXPOsan module `_ - `bwaise Trimmer et al archived codes `_; `bwaise Li and Zhang et al archived codes `_ Eco-San ******* - `eco_san EXPOsan module `_ NEWgenerator ************ - Publication: Watabe et al., 2023 [6]_ - `new_generator EXPOsan module `_ - `new_generator archived codes `_ Reclaimer ********* - `reclaimer EXPOsan module `_ SCG Zyclonic ************ * `scg_zyclonic EXPOsan module `_ Other Systems ------------- A variety of other sanitation and resource recovery systems have been developed using QSDsan, including: #. Conventional activated sludge process * Publication: Shoener et al., 2016 [7]_ * `cas EXPOsan module `_ * `cas archived codes `_ #. Hydrothermal systems for fuel and fertilizer production from wet organic wastes * Publication: Feng et al., 2024 [8]_ * `htl EXPOsan module `_ #. Modular encapsulated two-stage anaerobic biological (METAB) system * Publication: Zhang et al., 2024 [9]_ * `metab EXPOsan module `_ #. EcoRecover system: microalgae-based tertiary P recovery process * Publication: Kim et al., 2025 [10]_ * `pm2_ecorecover EXPOsan module `_ .. References .. [1] Li, Y.; Zhang, X.; Morgan, V. L.; Lohman, H. A. C.; Rowles, L. S.; Mittal, S.; Kogler, A.; Cusick, R. D.; Tarpeh, W. A.; Guest, J. S. QSDsan: An Integrated Platform for Quantitative Sustainable Design of Sanitation and Resource Recovery Systems. Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol. 2022, 8 (10), 2289–2303. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EW00455K. .. [2] Zhang, X.; Rai, S.; Wang, Z.; Li, Y.; Guest, J. S. An Agile Benchmarking Framework for Wastewater Resource Recovery Technologies. npj Clean Water 2025, 9 (1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00537-4. .. [3] Tarallo, S., Shaw, A., Kohl, P. & Eschborn, R. A Guide to Net-Zero Energy Solutions for Water Resource Recovery Facilities. https://iwaponline.com/ebooks/book/293/ (2015). .. [4] Rowles, L. S.; Morgan, V. L.; Li, Y.; Zhang, X.; Watabe, S.; Stephen, T.; Lohman, H. A. C.; DeSouza, D.; Hallowell, J.; Cusick, R. D.; Guest, J. S. Financial Viability and Environmental Sustainability of Fecal Sludge Treatment with Pyrolysis Omni Processors. ACS Environ. Au 2022, 2 (5), 455–466. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00022. .. [5] Trimmer, J. T.; Lohman, H. A. C.; Byrne, D. M.; Houser, S. A.; Jjuuko, F.; Katende, D.; Banadda, N.; Zerai, A.; Miller, D. C.; Guest, J. S. Navigating Multidimensional Social–Ecological System Trade-Offs across Sanitation Alternatives in an Urban Informal Settlement. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2020, 54 (19), 12641–12653. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c03296. .. [6] Watabe, S.; Lohman, H. A. C.; Li, Y.; Morgan, V. L.; Rowles, L. S.; Stephen, T.; Shyu, H.-Y.; Bair, R. A.; Castro, C. J.; Cusick, R. D.; Yeh, D. H.; Guest, J. S. Advancing the Economic and Environmental Sustainability of the NEWgenerator Nonsewered Sanitation System. ACS Environ. Au 2023, 3 (4), 209–222. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00001. .. [7] Shoener, B. D.; Zhong, C.; Greiner, A. D.; Khunjar, W. O.; Hong, P.-Y.; Guest, J. S. Design of Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors for the Valorization of Dilute Organic Carbon Waste Streams. Energy Environ. Sci. 2016, 9 (3), 1102–1112. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EE03715H. .. [8] Feng, J.; Strathmann, T. J.; Guest, J. S. Hydrothermal-Based Wastewater Solids Management for Targeted Resource Recovery and Decarbonization in the Contiguous U.S. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c07190. .. [9] Zhang, X.; Arnold, W. A.; Wright, N.; Novak, P. J.; Guest, J. S. Prioritization of Early-Stage Research and Development of a Hydrogel-Encapsulated Anaerobic Technology for Distributed Treatment of High Strength Organic Wastewater. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2024, 58 (44), 19651–19665. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c05389. .. [10] Kim, G.-Y.; Molitor, H. R.; Zhang, X.; Li, Y.; Shoener, B. D.; Schramm, S. M.; Morgenroth, E.; Snowling, S. D.; Hartnett, E.; Bradley, I. M.; Pinto, A. J.; Guest, J. S. Development of an Open-Source Process Simulator for Microalgae-Based Tertiary Phosphorus Recovery. npj Clean Water 2025, 9 (1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00545-4. .. toctree:: :hidden: wrrf_interactive