Electrochemical Cell#
QSDsan: Quantitative Sustainable Design for sanitation and resource recovery systems
- This module is developed by:
Smiti Mittal <smitimittal@gmail.com> Yalin Li <mailto.yalin.li@gmail.com> Anna Kogler <akogler@stanford.edu>
This module is under the University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License. Please refer to https://github.com/QSD-Group/QSDsan/blob/main/LICENSE.txt for license details.
- Reference for the default electrochemical cell modelled below:
Evaluating Membrane Performance in Electrochemical Stripping Reactor for Nitrogen Removal Julia Simon, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University Principal Investigator: Professor William Tarpeh Second Reader: Professor Gerald Fuller
- class qsdsan.sanunits._electrochemical_cell.ElectrochemicalCell(ID='', ins: Sequence[Stream] | None = (), outs: Sequence[Stream] | None = (), recovery={'NH3': 0.7}, removal={'K+': 0.83, 'NH3': 0.83, 'Na+': 0.8}, OPEX_over_CAPEX=0.2)#
Electrochemical cell for nutrient recovery.
- Parameters:
recovery (dict) – Keys refer to chemical component IDs. Values refer to recovery fractions (with 1 being 100%) for the respective chemicals.
removal (dict) – Keys refer to chemical component IDs. Values refer to removal fractions (with 1 being 100%) for the respective chemicals.
equipment (list(obj)) – List of Equipment objects part of the Electrochemical Cell.
OPEX_over_CAPEX (float) – Ratio with which operating costs are calculated as a fraction of capital costs
Example
>>> # Set components >>> import qsdsan as qs >>> kwargs = dict(particle_size='Soluble', ... degradability='Undegradable', ... organic=False) >>> H2O = qs.Component.from_chemical('H2O', phase='l', **kwargs) >>> NH3 = qs.Component.from_chemical('NH3', phase='g', **kwargs) >>> NH3.particle_size = 'Dissolved gas' >>> H2SO4 = qs.Component.from_chemical('H2SO4', phase='l', **kwargs) >>> AmmoniumSulfate = qs.Component.from_chemical('AmmoniumSulfate', phase='l', ... **kwargs) >>> Na_ion = qs.Component.from_chemical('Na+', phase='s', **kwargs) >>> K_ion = qs.Component.from_chemical('K+', phase='s', **kwargs) >>> Cl_ion = qs.Component.from_chemical('Cl-', phase='s', **kwargs) >>> PO4_ion = qs.Component.from_chemical('Phosphate', phase='s', **kwargs) >>> SO4_ion = qs.Component.from_chemical('Sulfate', phase='s', **kwargs) >>> C = qs.Component.from_chemical('Carbon', phase='s', **kwargs) >>> COD = qs.Component.from_chemical('O2', phase='s', **kwargs) >>> cmps = qs.Components((H2O, NH3, H2SO4, AmmoniumSulfate, Na_ion, K_ion, Cl_ion, PO4_ion, SO4_ion, C, COD)) >>> # Assuming all has the same molar volume as water for demonstration purpose >>> for cmp in cmps: ... cmp.copy_models_from(H2O, names=['V']) ... defaulted_properties = cmp.default() >>> qs.set_thermo(cmps) >>> # Set waste streams >>> influent = qs.WasteStream('influent') >>> influent.set_flow_by_concentration(flow_tot=0.5, concentrations={'NH3':3820, ... 'Na+':1620, 'K+':1470, 'Cl-':3060, 'Phosphate':169, ... 'Sulfate':1680, 'Carbon':1860, 'O2':3460}, units=('mL/min', 'mg/L')) >>> influent.show() WasteStream: influent phase: 'l', T: 298.15 K, P: 101325 Pa flow (g/hr): H2O 29.5 NH3 0.115 Na+ 0.0486 K+ 0.0441 Cl- 0.0918 Phosphate 0.00507 Sulfate 0.0504 Carbon 0.0558 O2 0.104 WasteStream-specific properties: pH : 7.0 Alkalinity : 2.5 mg/L TC : 1860.0 mg/L TP : 31.9 mg/L TK : 1470.0 mg/L Component concentrations (mg/L): H2O 984514.0 NH3 3820.0 Na+ 1620.0 K+ 1470.0 Cl- 3060.0 Phosphate 169.0 Sulfate 1680.0 Carbon 1860.0 O2 3460.0 >>> catalysts = qs.WasteStream('catalysts', H2SO4=0.00054697, units=('kg/hr')) >>> # kg/hr imass value derived from 0.145 moles used on average for one, 26 hour experiment in the model cell >>> catalysts.price = 8.4 #in $/kg >>> # electricity price for ECS experiments in the default model tested by the Tarpeh Lab >>> # if want to change the price of electricity, >>> # use qs.PowerUtility, e.g., qs.PowerUtility.price = 0.1741
>>> # Set the unit >>> U1 = qs.sanunits.ElectrochemicalCell('unit_1', ins=(influent, catalysts), outs=('recovered', 'removed', 'residual')) >>> # Simulate and look at the results >>> U1.simulate() >>> U1.results() Electrochemical cell Units unit_1 Electricity Power kW 5.42e-05 Cost USD/hr 4.24e-06 Design Electrode unit_1_Main_Anode - Nu... None 1 Electrode unit_1_Main_Anode - Ma... None titanium grid catalyst welded t... Electrode unit_1_Main_Anode - Su... m2 1 Electrode unit_1_Main_Cathode - ... None 1 Electrode unit_1_Main_Cathode - ... None timesetl 3pcs stainless steel w... Electrode unit_1_Main_Cathode - ... m2 30.2 Electrode unit_1_Current_Collect... None 1 Electrode unit_1_Current_Collect... None stainless steel 26 gauge 5.5 x 7 Electrode unit_1_Current_Collect... m2 38.5 Electrode unit_1_Reference_Elect... None 1 Electrode unit_1_Reference_Elect... None re-5b ag/agcl, 7.5 cm long, wit... Electrode unit_1_Reference_Elect... m2 1 Membrane unit_1_Cation_Exchange_... 1 Membrane unit_1_Cation_Exchange_... CMI-7000S, polystyrene 0.45mm t... Membrane unit_1_Cation_Exchange_... m2 30.2 Membrane unit_1_Gas_Permeable_Me... 1 Membrane unit_1_Gas_Permeable_Me... Aquastill 0.3-micron polyethyle... Membrane unit_1_Gas_Permeable_Me... m2 30.2 Purchase cost unit_1_Main_Anode USD 288 unit_1_Main_Cathode USD 0.847 unit_1_Current_Collector_Cathode USD 39.9 unit_1_Reference_Electrode USD 94 unit_1_Cation_Exchange_Membrane USD 167 unit_1_Gas_Permeable_Membrane USD 29.3 Exterior USD 60.5 Total purchase cost USD 679 Utility cost USD/hr 4.24e-06 Additional OPEX USD/hr 136 >>> U1.show() ElectrochemicalCell: unit_1 ins... [0] influent phase: 'l', T: 298.15 K, P: 101325 Pa flow (g/hr): H2O 29.5 ...
- F_BM: dict[str, float]#
All bare-module factors for each purchase cost. Defaults to values in the class attribute
_F_BM_default.
- F_D: dict[str, float]#
All design factors for each purchase cost item in
baseline_purchase_costs.
- F_M: dict[str, float]#
All material factors for each purchase cost item in
baseline_purchase_costs.
- F_P: dict[str, float]#
All pressure factors for each purchase cost item in
baseline_purchase_costs.
- baseline_purchase_costs: dict[str, float]#
All baseline purchase costs without accounting for design, pressure, and material factors.
- design_results: dict[str, object]#
All design requirements excluding utility requirements and detailed auxiliary unit requirements.
- equipment_lifetime: int | dict[str, int]#
Lifetime of equipment. Defaults to values in the class attribute
_default_equipment_lifetime. Use an integer to specify the lifetime for all items in the unit purchase costs. Use a dictionary to specify the lifetime of each purchase cost item.
- heat_utilities: tuple[HeatUtility, ...]#
All heat utilities associated to unit. Cooling and heating requirements are stored here (including auxiliary requirements).
- installed_costs: dict[str, float]#
All installed costs accounting for bare module, design, pressure, and material factors. Items here are automatically updated at the end of unit simulation.
- line: str = 'Electrochemical cell'#
class-attribute Name denoting the type of Unit class. Defaults to the class name of the first child class
- parallel: dict[str, int]#
Name-number pairs of baseline purchase costs and auxiliary unit operations in parallel. Use ‘self’ to refer to the main unit. Capital and heat and power utilities in parallel will become proportional to this value.
- power_utility: PowerUtility#
Electric utility associated to unit (including auxiliary requirements).
- prioritize: bool#
Whether to prioritize unit operation specification within recycle loop (if any).
- purchase_costs: dict[str, float]#
Itemized purchase costs (including auxiliary units) accounting for design, pressure, and material factors (i.e.,
F_D,F_P,F_M). Items here are automatically updated at the end of unit simulation.
- responses: set[bst.GenericResponse]#
Unit design decisions that must be solved to satisfy specifications. While adding responses is optional, simulations benefit from responses by being able to predict better guesses.
- run_after_specifications: bool#
Whether to run mass and energy balance after calling specification functions