Electrochemical Cell¶
QSDsan: Quantitative Sustainable Design for sanitation and resource recovery systems
- This module is developed by:
Smiti Mittal <smitimittal@gmail.com> Yalin Li <mailto.yalin.li@gmail.com> Anna Kogler <akogler@stanford.edu>
This module is under the University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License. Please refer to https://github.com/QSD-Group/QSDsan/blob/main/LICENSE.txt for license details.
- Reference for the default electrochemical cell modelled below:
Evaluating Membrane Performance in Electrochemical Stripping Reactor for Nitrogen Removal Julia Simon, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University Principal Investigator: Professor William Tarpeh Second Reader: Professor Gerald Fuller
- class qsdsan.sanunits._electrochemical_cell.ElectrochemicalCell(ID='', ins: Sequence[AbstractStream] | None = (), outs: Sequence[AbstractStream] | None = (), recovery={'NH3': 0.7}, removal={'K+': 0.83, 'NH3': 0.83, 'Na+': 0.8}, OPEX_over_CAPEX=0.2)¶
Electrochemical cell for nutrient recovery.
- Parameters:
recovery (dict) – Keys refer to chemical component IDs. Values refer to recovery fractions (with 1 being 100%) for the respective chemicals.
removal (dict) – Keys refer to chemical component IDs. Values refer to removal fractions (with 1 being 100%) for the respective chemicals.
equipment (list(obj)) – List of Equipment objects part of the Electrochemical Cell.
OPEX_over_CAPEX (float) – Ratio with which operating costs are calculated as a fraction of capital costs
Example
>>> # Set components >>> import qsdsan as qs >>> kwargs = dict(particle_size='Soluble', ... degradability='Undegradable', ... organic=False) >>> H2O = qs.Component.from_chemical('H2O', phase='l', **kwargs) >>> NH3 = qs.Component.from_chemical('NH3', phase='g', **kwargs) >>> NH3.particle_size = 'Dissolved gas' >>> H2SO4 = qs.Component.from_chemical('H2SO4', phase='l', **kwargs) >>> AmmoniumSulfate = qs.Component.from_chemical('AmmoniumSulfate', phase='l', ... **kwargs) >>> Na_ion = qs.Component.from_chemical('Na+', phase='s', **kwargs) >>> K_ion = qs.Component.from_chemical('K+', phase='s', **kwargs) >>> Cl_ion = qs.Component.from_chemical('Cl-', phase='s', **kwargs) >>> PO4_ion = qs.Component.from_chemical('Phosphate', phase='s', **kwargs) >>> SO4_ion = qs.Component.from_chemical('Sulfate', phase='s', **kwargs) >>> C = qs.Component.from_chemical('Carbon', phase='s', **kwargs) >>> COD = qs.Component.from_chemical('O2', phase='s', **kwargs) >>> cmps = qs.Components((H2O, NH3, H2SO4, AmmoniumSulfate, Na_ion, K_ion, Cl_ion, PO4_ion, SO4_ion, C, COD)) >>> # Assuming all has the same molar volume as water for demonstration purpose >>> for cmp in cmps: ... cmp.copy_models_from(H2O, names=['V']) ... defaulted_properties = cmp.default() >>> qs.set_thermo(cmps) >>> # Set waste streams >>> influent = qs.WasteStream('influent') >>> influent.set_flow_by_concentration(flow_tot=0.5, concentrations={'NH3':3820, ... 'Na+':1620, 'K+':1470, 'Cl-':3060, 'Phosphate':169, ... 'Sulfate':1680, 'Carbon':1860, 'O2':3460}, units=('mL/min', 'mg/L')) >>> influent.show() WasteStream: influent phase: 'l', T: 298.15 K, P: 101325 Pa flow (g/hr): H2O 29.5 NH3 0.115 Na+ 0.0486 K+ 0.0441 Cl- 0.0918 Phosphate 0.00507 Sulfate 0.0504 Carbon 0.0558 O2 0.104 WasteStream-specific properties: pH : 7.0 Alkalinity : 2.5 mmol/L TC : 1860.0 mg/L TP : 31.9 mg/L TK : 1470.0 mg/L Component concentrations (mg/L): H2O 984514.0 NH3 3820.0 Na+ 1620.0 K+ 1470.0 Cl- 3060.0 Phosphate 169.0 Sulfate 1680.0 Carbon 1860.0 O2 3460.0 >>> catalysts = qs.WasteStream('catalysts', H2SO4=0.00054697, units=('kg/hr')) >>> # kg/hr imass value derived from 0.145 moles used on average for one, 26 hour experiment in the model cell >>> catalysts.price = 8.4 #in $/kg >>> # electricity price for ECS experiments in the default model tested by the Tarpeh Lab >>> # if want to change the price of electricity, >>> # use qs.PowerUtility, e.g., qs.PowerUtility.price = 0.1741
>>> # Set the unit >>> U1 = qs.sanunits.ElectrochemicalCell('unit_1', ins=(influent, catalysts), outs=('recovered', 'removed', 'residual')) >>> # Simulate and look at the results >>> U1.simulate() >>> U1.results() Electrochemical cell Units unit_1 Electricity Power kW 5.42e-05 Cost USD/hr 4.24e-06 Design Electrode unit_1_Main_Anode - Nu... None 1 Electrode unit_1_Main_Anode - Ma... None titanium grid catalyst welded t... Electrode unit_1_Main_Anode - Su... m2 1 Electrode unit_1_Main_Cathode - ... None 1 Electrode unit_1_Main_Cathode - ... None timesetl 3pcs stainless steel w... Electrode unit_1_Main_Cathode - ... m2 30.2 Electrode unit_1_Current_Collect... None 1 Electrode unit_1_Current_Collect... None stainless steel 26 gauge 5.5 x 7 Electrode unit_1_Current_Collect... m2 38.5 Electrode unit_1_Reference_Elect... None 1 Electrode unit_1_Reference_Elect... None re-5b ag/agcl, 7.5 cm long, wit... Electrode unit_1_Reference_Elect... m2 1 Membrane unit_1_Cation_Exchange_... 1 Membrane unit_1_Cation_Exchange_... CMI-7000S, polystyrene 0.45mm t... Membrane unit_1_Cation_Exchange_... m2 30.2 Membrane unit_1_Gas_Permeable_Me... 1 Membrane unit_1_Gas_Permeable_Me... Aquastill 0.3-micron polyethyle... Membrane unit_1_Gas_Permeable_Me... m2 30.2 Purchase cost unit_1_Main_Anode USD 288 unit_1_Main_Cathode USD 0.847 unit_1_Current_Collector_Cathode USD 39.9 unit_1_Reference_Electrode USD 94 unit_1_Cation_Exchange_Membrane USD 167 unit_1_Gas_Permeable_Membrane USD 29.3 Exterior USD 60.5 Total purchase cost USD 679 Utility cost USD/hr 4.24e-06 Additional OPEX USD/hr 136 >>> U1.show() ElectrochemicalCell: unit_1 ins... [0] influent phase: 'l', T: 298.15 K, P: 101325 Pa flow (g/hr): H2O 29.5 ...
- line: str = 'Electrochemical cell'¶
class-attribute Name denoting the type of Unit class. Defaults to the class name of the first child class
- run()¶
Run mass and energy balance. This method also runs specifications user defined specifications unless it is being run within a specification (to avoid infinite loops).
See also
_run,specifications,add_specification,add_bounded_numerical_specification