Combustion

QSDsan: Quantitative Sustainable Design for sanitation and resource recovery systems

This module is developed by:

Yalin Li <mailto.yalin.li@gmail.com>

Jianan Feng <jiananf2@illinois.edu>

Part of this module is based on the BioSTEAM package: https://github.com/bioSTEAMDevelopmentGroup/biosteam

This module is under the University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License. Please refer to https://github.com/QSD-Group/QSDsan/blob/main/LICENSE.txt for license details.

class qsdsan.sanunits._combustion.BiogasCombustion(ID='', ins: Sequence[AbstractStream] | None = None, outs: Sequence[AbstractStream] | None = (), thermo=None, init_with='WasteStream', if_combustion=False, biogas_loss=0.1, biogas_eff=0.55)

Use of biogas in combustion.

Note that this unit does not include cost calculation and generation of electricity, use CHP instead for such purposes.

Parameters:

• if_combustion (bool) – If include combustion reaction during simulation.

• biogas_loss (float) – Fraction of biogas loss (e.g., leaked).

• biogas_eff (float) – Combustion efficiency of biogas as a fraction of CH4.

Examples

bwaise systems

property biogas_eff

[float] Combustion efficiency of biogas as a fraction of CH4.

property biogas_loss

[float] Fraction of biogas loss (i.e., leaked).

line: str = 'Biogas combustion'

class-attribute Name denoting the type of Unit class. Defaults to the class name of the first child class

class qsdsan.sanunits._combustion.CombinedHeatPower(ID='', ins: Sequence[AbstractStream] | None = None, outs: Sequence[AbstractStream] | None = (), thermo=None, init_with='WasteStream', include_construction=True, unit_CAPEX=1225, CHP_type='Fuel cell', combustion_eff=0.8, combined_eff=None, system=None, supplement_power_utility=False, F_BM={'CHP': 1.0})

Combustion of all feed streams with simple estimation of the capital cost of a combined heat and power (CHP) unit based on Shoener et al. [1] and Havukainen et al. [2]

This unit is designed to always satisfy the system’s heating demand, if there is not enough energy in the feed stream, natural gas will be purchased to fill the gap.

The unit can also be set to satisfy the system power (i.e., electricity) needs if supplement_power_utility is set to True.

Parameters:

• ins (Iterable(obj):) – Feed stream to be combusted, optional natural gas stream, air.

• outs (Iterable(obj):) – Gas emission, solid ash.

• unit_CAPEX (float) – Capital cost of the CHP per kW of power generated, $/kW.

• CHP_type (str) – Type of the CHP to adjust the heat-to-power efficiency. Can be “Fuel cell” (40.5%), “Microturbine” (27%), “Internal combustion” (36%), “Combustion gas” (31.5%). Note that when CHP_type is provided, the set combined_efficiency will be ignored.

• combustion_eff (float) – Efficiency of the boiler to convert the energy embedded in the feed to the heating steam.

• combined_eff (float) – Combined heat (the total embedded energy in feed streams)-to-power efficiency (i.e., combustion efficiency * power generation efficiency).

• system (obj) – The linked system whose heating/power utility needs will be supplied by this CHP unit.

• supplement_power_utility (bool) –

  Whether to purchase additional natural gas to supplement energy demand.

  Note

  If energy in the feed (without natural gas) is sufficient enough, the system could still be producing power even when supplement_power_utility is False.

References

[1]

Shoener et al., Design of Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors for the Valorization of Dilute Organic Carbon Waste Streams. Energy Environ. Sci. 2016, 9 (3), 1102–1112. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EE03715H.

[2]

Havukainen, J.; Nguyen, M. T.; Väisänen, S.; Horttanainen, M. Life Cycle Assessment of Small-Scale Combined Heat and Power Plant: Environmental Impacts of Different Forest Biofuels and Replacing District Heat Produced from Natural Gas. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 172, 837–846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.241.

property CHP_type

[str] Type of the combined heat and power (CHP) type to adjust the heat-to-power efficiency. Can be “Fuel cell” (40.5%), “Microturbine” (27%), “Internal combustion” (36%), “Combustion gas” (31.5%), or None and define an efficiency.

property H_needs

Total energy needs of the system in kJ/hr, already divided by the combustion/combined efficiency.

property combined_eff

[float] Combined heat (the total embedded energy in feed streams)-to-power efficiency (i.e., combustion efficiency * power generation efficiency). Note that when CHP_type is provided, the set combined_efficiency will be ignored.

property combustion_eff

[float] Combined heat (the total embedded energy in feed streams)-to-power efficiency (i.e., combustion efficiency * power generation efficiency).

line: str = 'Combined heat power'

class-attribute Name denoting the type of Unit class. Defaults to the class name of the first child class

property sys_heating_utilities

[dict] Heating utilities of the given system (excluding this CHP unit).

property sys_power_utilities

[dict] Power utilities of the given system (excluding this CHP unit).

property system

[obj] The linked system whose heating/power utility needs will be supplied by this CHP unit.